New York State Basic Emergency Medical Technician (EMT-B) Practice Exam

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Prepare for the New York State EMT-B Test with flashcards and multiple choice questions. Detailed explanations provided. Ace your exam!

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Cardiac output is determined by which two factors?

Heart Rate and Stroke Volume
Blood Pressure and Heart Rate
Stroke Volume and Respiratory Rate
Volume of blood and Oxygen levels

The correct answer is: Heart Rate and Stroke Volume

Cardiac output is the volume of blood that the heart pumps per minute and is primarily determined by two key factors: heart rate and stroke volume. Heart rate refers to the number of times the heart beats in a minute, while stroke volume pertains to the amount of blood pumped by the heart with each beat. When these two factors are understood together, they provide a clear picture of how efficiently the heart is functioning. An increase in heart rate or stroke volume will lead to an increase in cardiac output. Conversely, a decrease in either rate or volume can lower cardiac output. This relationship is essential for maintaining adequate blood flow throughout the body to meet the metabolic demands of tissues and organs. The other options do not accurately represent the primary determinants of cardiac output. While blood pressure is influenced by cardiac output, it is not one of the components that directly determines it. Additionally, respiratory rate and volume of blood, while important to overall health and hydration status, do not directly correlate with the calculation of cardiac output in the way that heart rate and stroke volume do.