New York State Basic Emergency Medical Technician (EMT-B) Practice Exam

What is the primary difference between angina and a heart attack?

1. Angina is a result of sudden artery blockage

2. Heart attack is caused by spastic constriction of arteries

3. Angina involves spastic constriction of the arteries

4. Heart attack results from a gradual narrowing of arteries

The correct answer is: Angina involves spastic constriction of the arteries

The primary difference between angina and a heart attack revolves around the nature of the blood flow obstruction to the heart muscle. Angina is characterized by chest pain or discomfort that occurs when the heart muscle does not receive enough oxygen-rich blood, often due to spastic constriction or transient narrowing of the coronary arteries. This can be triggered by physical exertion or stress but typically resolves with rest or medication. In contrast, a heart attack occurs when there is a complete blockage of a coronary artery, often due to plaque rupture and the formation of a blood clot. This blockage prevents blood flow to a part of the heart muscle, leading to tissue damage if not quickly treated. Understanding this distinction is crucial as it underscores different underlying mechanisms and treatment approaches for each condition. Thus, angina involves spastic constriction of the arteries, making it the correct choice in distinguishing it from a heart attack.