New York State Basic Emergency Medical Technician (EMT-B) Practice Exam

What is the recommended treatment for a 21-year-old male with altered mental status and a history of diabetes?

1. Suctioning patients airway

2. Full immobilization of patient's head, neck, and spine

3. Administration of a glucose solution by mouth

4. Open airway with OPA

The correct answer is: Administration of a glucose solution by mouth

The recommended treatment for a 21-year-old male with altered mental status and a history of diabetes focuses on addressing the potential for hypoglycemia, which can significantly affect mental status. Given the context of diabetes, it's essential to consider that this patient may be experiencing low blood sugar, which is a common complication in individuals with diabetes. Administering a glucose solution by mouth is appropriate if the patient is conscious and able to swallow safely, as it can quickly raise blood sugar levels and potentially reverse the altered mental state caused by hypoglycemia. This rapid intervention is crucial in stabilizing the patient’s condition and preventing further complications. In situations of altered mental status, especially in someone with diabetes, it is critical to monitor their airway and ensure that they are able to maintain their own breathing and protect their airway. If they are unable to respond appropriately or have significant impairment, other interventions such as airway management might be required, but those considerations hinge on the patient's ability to safely receive oral glucose. Other options listed would generally be performed in different contexts or situations; for instance, suctioning the airway might become necessary if there are signs of airway obstruction, but it’s not the first intervention in this scenario. A full immobilization of the head, neck,